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You want to create a model to better understand fox hunting by simulating a
hunt in progress (riders, hounds, foxes). The aim is to find out how many foxes are needed for an
enjoyable killing spree, and where they should be located.
List some elements that you would want to include in a virtual environment
for this model.
Would you use an abstract or a more realistic environment?
Groff, E. R. (2006). Exploring the Geography of Routine Activity Theory:
A Spatio-temporal Test Using Street Robbery.
Unpublished Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
Agent-based model of street robbery
Uses the 'Agent Analysis' ArcGIS plugin.
Shows the initial start locations of the three types of agents
Criminals (i.e., citizens with criminal propensity)
Citizens (i.e., citizens without criminal propensity)
Cops (that's American for 'Police').
Groff, E. R. (2006). Exploring the Geography of Routine Activity Theory:
A Spatio-temporal Test Using Street Robbery.
Unpublished Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
Agent Analyst
Pattern after three days for street robbery.
Map updated dynamically as the model runs
Upper left: parameters window
(This wasn't used, all changes coded into the model directly
Lower left: graph of three of the variables in the model:
totalRobberies - the total number of robberies at an intersection
totalDeterred - the number of times the presence of a police officer
stopped an offender from deciding to commit a robbery
totIntersect - the number of times more than one citizen agent
was at a node at the same time so that a crime might occur.
Loose vs. Tight coupling
Loose
Efficient: GIS are slow, allowing the model to run on
its own will almost certainly be quicker
Flexible: The model can run on any computer system,
including high-performance 'grid' systems
Free: The model is not tied to a proprietary GIS so
can be released and reused freely by others. (Note: Open-source GIS systems
are available, e.g. QuantumGIS and
GRASS)
Tight
Convenient: Easy to see what the model is doing
while it is running
Interactive: Possible to interact with the model
and influence an individual model run.
Reusable: Stakeholders / users will find it easier
to use if it is built into their GIS.
Elffers, H. and van Baal, P. (2008). Realistic spatial backcloth is not that important in agent based simulation: An illustration from simulating perceptual deterrence. In Liu, L. and Eck, J., editors, Artificial Crime Analysis Systems: Using Computer Simulations and Geographic Information Systems, chapter 2, pages 19-34. IGI Global.
Birks, Daniel, Michael Townsley, and Anna Stewart. Generative Explanations of Crime: Using Simulation to Test Criminological Theory. Criminology 50, no. 1 (2012): 221-254.
Miller, H. J. (2005) A measurement theory for time geography. Geographical Analysis 37(11): 17-45.
Hägerstrand, T. (1970) What about people in regional science? Papers of the Regional Science Association 24(1): 6-21.
Groff, E. R. (2006). Exploring the Geography of Routine Activity Theory: A Spatio-temporal Test Using Street Robbery. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
